From this front view of the state capitol building, one of the many statues of notable figures of the South’s fight in the Civil War. This particular soldier is Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon of the Confederacy. This statue has also been fairly controversial as it has been speculated that Gordon held a lead position in Georgia’s Ku Klux Klan.
This sign that stands outside of the state capital building of Georgia details the history of the land. Several people stopped to read it as they walked past the building. It helps visitors put the scene in a historical perspective that not many have prior knowledge of and serves educational purposes for younger tourists.
Davis, Janel, Scott J. Trubey, and Katie Leslie. “Turner Field Holds Future for Georgia State, Neighborhoods.” Atlanta Journal Constitution Saturday Dec. 2015: n. pag. MyAJC. Web. Friday Feb. 5.
Davis, Trubey’s and Leslie’s article in the Atlanta Journal Constitution details the plans for the land currently occupied by the Atlanta Braves’ home stadium, Turner Field. The Braves’s final season at Turner Field will be in 2017. The upcoming departure of the pro baseball team prompted bidding by several groups only to be won by Georgia State University. The AJC writes that Georgia State has already revealed plans for the newly acquired land. Along with the development of the surrounding communities, the land will be used for a new football stadium for the Georgia State Panthers. Georgia State is currently fundraising to help fund the 300 million-dollar project. The authors did a good job of reporting from an objective point of view and staying true to the facts the people of the community need to know. I chose this article to better my understanding of real estate pertaining to the built environment.
Ornstein, Norm. “Why Bernie Sanders Can’t Govern.” Atlantic 2 Feb. 2016: n. pag. The Atlantic. Web. 5 Feb. 2016.
“Why Bernie Sanders Can’t Govern,” by Norm Ornstein is a magazine article explaining why many Hillary Clinton supporters feel that Clinton is the better candidate for several reasons that usually go unmentioned. Ornstein details that Bernie Sanders, like Ted Cruz is too extreme and has unrealistic views of the political climate of today’s America. Not only does Ornstein feel that Sanders is misguided but also at a disadvantage. According to the author, for Sanders to win he would have to channel an Obama-esque campaign to get the demographic he appeals to most to actually go out and vote. Next, if elected president, Sanders would be limited in the legislation he would be able to establish due to the stiff Republican congress he would face. This article is clearly biased and meant to sway voters to see the election from a different perspective. The author was effective in helping readers see the presidential race from a point of view they most likely haven’t seen it from.
Cook, Rebecca. “Michigan Emails Show Officials Knew of Flint Water Disease Risk.” Reuters. N.p., 4 Feb. 2016. Web. 5 Feb. 2016.
This piece written by Rebecca Cook tells of what some what call a scandal in the Flint, Michigan government. Recent emails have surfaced that prove that high-ranking officials in the Michigan state government were aware of the rise in Legionnaires’ disease and its relation to the issues with the water in Flint. As expected, a spokesman for the governor denied the reports and claimed that Rick Snyder did not have any knowledge of the outbreak until January of this year, days before an official announcement of crisis was made. The author comes off as credible due to the several different sources utilized to compose the report. Quotes from both sides of the story are used to round out the article smoothly and fairly. The only weakness of this writing is the short length of it. An article with such subject matter should be more detailed.
This is a picture of the State Capitol building in Downtown Atlanta, GA.
John Slemp uses this picture to show the flowers and statue in front of the building.
Getty Images, “Atlanta, Georgia State Capitol Building” Web.Last accessed February 1, 2016 http://cache1.asset-cache.net/gc/528823293-georgia-atlanta-georgia-state-capitol-gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=9k1%2bH8JMuk41%2bwTwiIo7zBFUKm3amZ52XAxGwQtuFcdb1nw3i1Y2Uqwq6isZXz9v
What is an annotated bibliography and how do you write one?
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Mark Lamar
Eng. 1102 M hybrid
Dr. Wharton
January 25, 2016
Reading Summary 1
“Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination and Segregation Through Physical Design of the Built Environment” is an article by Sarah Schindler about how the landscape of the areas we live in are built the way they are for specific reasons that most people don’t even consider. Schindler reveals that many features of our environment are built to segregate people of different walks of life from each other in efforts to discriminate against minorities and the lower class.
For instance, Schindler mentions Robert Morris, a former builder in New York, who purposely designed low hanging bridges to prevent buses that African Americans rode on from passing through. According to Schindler, practices such as those were used as ways to prevent undesirable people from accessing places where they were unwanted. More blatant measures were taken in Atlanta where the people of the northern suburbs voted not to have the MARTA transit extend to their neighborhoods, restricting inner city passengers from taking advantages of job opportunities north of Atlanta.
Not only does Schindler explore the actual act of using architecture to segregate people but she tackles the psychological element of the practice as well. Anyone who is being discriminated against through environmental situations is usually not aware of the injustice due to the subtle nature of the practice. Whenever someone encounters a large wall or barrier it is unusual for one to consider why the wall is there, much less to suspect discrimination against his/ her race or social class. Due to that reality, discrimination in the form of architecture has been one of the most prolific forms of discrimination.
Also, another factor involved in the prominence of environmental segregation is the language of the law. It is unlawful to discriminate in any way against any group of people for any reason, however, it is difficult to prove in court that a particular feature of the environment was specifically constructed to hinder the social and/or physical progress of a group of people. There are several reasons why proving such a claim is notably difficult. First of all, most citizens have difficulty identifying who exactly is behind the architecture they feel is discriminatory. Without being able to decide who to take action against, it is not easy to hold anyone accountable. Secondly, due to the low number of individuals who present a case of such in court, there are some courts that do not see a need for judges to rule on the context of the built environment. And finally, it is not likely not the court will rule in favor of the plaintiff even if sufficient evidence is provided. In a case of a road closure in the Supreme Court case “City of Memphis v. Greene,” African Americans felt like a road was closed intentionally for the purpose of keeping them out of the predominantly white area of town. After being presented with evidence, the Court found that “the extent of the inconvenience was not great.” (Greene 1981) Rulings such as those show that cases of such are solely dependent on the interpretation of how severe the inconvenience is to the Supreme Court justices.
Bibliography
Schindler, Sarah. “Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination and Segregation Through Physical Design of the Built Environment.” Yale Law Journal 124.6 (2015): n. pag. Yale Law Journal –. Apr. 2015. Web. 24 Jan. 2016.
Mark Lamar
Eng. 1102 M hybrid
Dr. Wharton
January 25, 2016
Reading Summary 2
Irina Nersessova’s “Tapestry of Space: Domestic Architecture and Underground Communities in Margaret Morton’s Photography of a Forgotten New York” is an analysis of Margaret Morton’s photography of homeless people and their underground homes in New York City. Neressova’s work also outlines the interviews of the people conducted by Morton. Nersessova also examines psychogeography, one of the themes by which Morton centered her work around.
The Situationist International theory shapes many views on psychogeography and material production which is a big factor in how a space is perceived by a viewer (Nersessova 26). Through the lens of psychogeography, Nersessova questions what exactly is really homelessness. According to her, having a home does not exclude you from being labeled homeless, but having a stable home does. She goes on to state that our views on what we feel is valuable or stable is often based on the materialistic influence of the media. Whereas, those who live underground do not quest for the same commodities as us, but only what they themselves see as valuable.
However, a serious issue that people of domestic architecture must face is the threat of property owners pushing them away from the spaces they have called home. People who build their own homes in spaces like those photographed by Morton are vulnerable to many things that could destroy their homes, including other people. People who have never experienced homelessness do not understand that the building of one’s own home is a very strong way to show individuality. With that being said, it is inconsiderate to expect someone to find comfort in a shelter built for them that doesn’t allow for any individual to have adequate personal space.
Furthermore, Nersessova explains how Morton represents a voice for these neglected people and uses a form of informal journalism to help people reach a new understanding of the lifestyle she is trying to illustrate. Morton uses pictures and voice recordings and makes commentaries about the people and places she is documenting. She speaks with people firsthand about their creativity and thoughts about being homeless in a time where very few homeless people are given a voice in society. Through her work she encounters a man who claims that prison conditions are better than those of homeless shelters in New York. “A man can’t live like that,” he says, a straightforward answer that adds a new dimension to many people’s thought process. After getting a statement from a homeless person it is now necessary to consider the fact that many of the homeless somewhat chose to live how they live. Due to that reality, it now seems unreasonable for someone to be corralled into a crowded shelter against his or her will. Work such as Morton’s has the power to bring new perspectives into the issue of homelessness in the city of New York. It raises the notion that people not having a stable home wouldn’t be as much of a problem if we did not make their homes so unstable by the way we treat them and their creativity.
Bibliography
Nersessova, Irina. “Tapestry of Space: Domestic Architecture and Underground Communities in Margaret Morton’s Photography of a Forgotten New York.” Uknowledge.uky.edu. N.p., 25 Apr. 2014. Web. 24 Jan. 2016.