Our research suggests that DHH children make educationally meaningful gains in all areas taught.  We have conducted multiple studies with over 400 DHH children. Children made significantly larger gains on phonological awareness, alphabetic knowledge, vocabulary, and story comprehension than DHH children in comparison groups. Children’s standard scores in vocabulary, phonological awareness, and alphabetic knowledge increased on average 9 to 10 points.

Research about  Foundations for Literacy

Click each title to download PDFs for the articles below.

Lederberg, A. R., Easterbrooks, S. R., & Tucci, S. L. (2022). Foundations for Literacy: A research-based early reading program that improves outcomes for children who are deaf and hard of hearing.Volta Review, 122(1), 31–47.

Lederberg, A. R., Easterbrooks, S. R., Tucci, S. (2022).   Research Proceedings. 

Lederberg, A.R., Easterbrooks, S.R., Burke, V. & Connor, C. M. (2018). A Randomized-Controlled Trial of Foundations for Literacy: An Intervention for Young Children who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing. Technical Report, Atlanta, GA.

Lederberg, A .R.. & Easterbrooks, S. E., Tucci, S., Burke, V. & Goldberg, H. (2016). Effective intervention strategies for teaching early literacy skills to deaf children with cochlear implants. Proceedings of the Annual Symposium of the American Cochlear Implant Alliance. Cochlear Implants International, 17(5), 211-237.

Lederberg, A. R., Miller, E. M., Easterbrooks, S. R., & Connor, C. M. (2014). Foundations for Literacy: An early literacy intervention for deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 19(4), 438-455.

Miller, E. M.., Lederberg, A.R., & Easterbrooks, S. R. (2013). Phonological awareness: Explicit instruction of young deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 18, 206-227.

Beal-Alvarez, J. S., Lederberg, A. R., & Easterbrooks, S. R. (2012). Grapheme–phoneme acquisition of deaf preschoolers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 17(1), 39-60. doi:10.1093/deafed/enr030

Bergeron, J. P., Lederberg, A. R., Easterbrooks, S. R., Miller, E. M., & Connor, C. M. (2009). Building the alphabetic principle in young children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Volta Review, 109(2-3), 87-119.