Political/Message Rap Research Articles and Books

  1. Allen, Ernest. Jr. 1996. “Making the Strong Survive: The Contours and Contradictions of Message Rap.” In William E. Perkins (Ed.). Droppin’ Science: Critical Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania. Temple University Press.
  2. Ards, Angela. 2004. “Organizing the Hip-Hop Generation.” In Murray Forman and Mark Anthony Neal (Ed.). That’s the Joint: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. New York: New York. Routledge.
  3. Bohn, Lauren E. “Rapping the Revolution,” Foreign Policy, 22 July 2011, The Middle East Channel. Retrieved from http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/07/22/rapping_the_revolution.
  4. Bonnette, Lakeyta M. 2015. Pulse of the People: Political Rap Music and Black Political Attitudes.
  5. Boyd, Todd. 2003. The New H.N.I.C.: The Death of Civil Rights and The Reign of Hip Hop. New York. New York Press.
  6. Boyd, Todd. 2004. “Check Yo Self Before You Wreck Yo Self: The Death of Politics in Rap Music and Popular Culture.” In Murray Forman and Mark Anthony Neal (Ed.). That’s the Joint: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. New York: New York. Routledge
  7. Burns, Kate 2008. Rap Music and Culture. Detroit: Michigan. Greenhaven Press.
  8. Chang. Jeff. 2005. Can’t Stop, Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. New York: New York. Macmillan.
  9. Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1991b. “Beyond Racism and Misogyny: Black Feminism and 2 Live Crew.” Boston Review 16: 6. 6-32.
  10. Dawson, Michael. 1999. “Dis Beat Disrupts.” In Michele Lamont (Ed.) The Cultural Territories of Race: Black and White Boundaries. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press.
  11. Decker, Jeffrey Louis. 1993. “The State of Rap: Time and Place in Hip Hop Nationalism.” Social Text. 34: 53-84.
  12. Deflem, Mathieu. 1993. “Rap, Rock, and Censorship: Popular Culture and the Technologies of Justice.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Law and Society Association, Chicago, May 27-30, 1993. Available online at www.mathieudeflem.net.
  13. Durham, Aisha. 2007. “Using [Living Hip-Hop] Feminism: Redefining an Answer (to) Rap.” In Aisha Durham, Gwendolyn Pough, Rachel Raimist and Elaine Richardson (Eds.) Home Girls Make Some Noise: A Hip Hop Feminist Anthology, Mira Loma CA: Parker Publishing LLC.
  14. Dyson, Michael E. 2007. Know What I Mean?: Reflections on Hip-Hop. New York, New York: Basic Civitas Books.
  15. Forman, Murray and Neal, Mark A. (Ed.). 2004. That’s the Joint: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. New York: New York. Routledge
  16. George, Nelson. 2005. Hip Hop America. New York. New York. Penguin.
  17. Henderson, Errol. 1996. “Black Nationalism and Rap Music.” Journal of Black Studies. 26(3): 308-339.
  18. Hess, 2007. Icons of hip hop: an encyclopedia of the movement, music, and culture, Volume 1. WestPort: Connecticut. Greenwood Press.
  19. Hill-Collins, Patricia. 2006. From Black Power to Hip Hop. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania. Temple University Press.
  20. Keyes, Cheryl L. 2004. “Empowering Self, Making Choices, Creating Spaces: Black Female Identity via Rap Music Performance.” In Murray Forman and Mark Anthony Neal (Ed.). That’s the Joint: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. New York: New York. Routledge
  21. Kitwana, Bakari. 2002. The Hip Hop Generation. New York: New York. BasicCivitas Books.
  22. Levine, Lawrence W. 2006. “African American Music as Resistance.” In African American Music: An Introduction ed. Mellonee V. Burnim and Portia K. Maultsby. New York, NewYork: Routledge.
  23. Lusane, Clarence. 2004. “Rap, Race and Politics.” In Murray Forman and Mark Anthony Neal (Ed.). That’s the Joint: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. New York: New York. Routledge.
  24. Martinez, Theresa A. 1997. “Popular Culture as Oppositional Culture: Rap as Resistance.” Sociological Perspectives. 30: (2). 265-286.
  25. Miyakawa, Felicia M. 2005. Five Percenter Rap: God Hop’s Music, Message and Black Muslim Mission. Indianapolis: Indiana. Indiana University Press.
  26. Neal, Mark Anthony. 1999. What the Music Said: Black Popular Music and Black Public Culture. New York: New York. Routledge.
  27. Norfleet, Dawn M. 2006. “Hip Hop and Rap.” In African American Music: An Introduction ed. Mellonee V. Burnim and Portia K. Maultsby. New York, New York: Routledge.
  28. Ogbar, Jeffrey O. G. 2007. Hip Hop Revolution: The Culture and Politics of Rap. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press.
  29. Perry, Imani. 2004. Prophets of the Hood: Politics and Poetics in Hip Hop. Durham: North Carolina. Duke University Press.
  30. Pough, Gwendolyn D. 2004a. Check It While I Wreck It. Boston: Massachusetts. Northeastern University Press
  31. Powell, Catherine Tabb. 1991. “Rap Music: An Education with a Beat from the Street.” Journal of Negro Education. 60: (3). 245-254.
  32. Price, Kimala. (2007). “Hip Hop Feminists at the Political Crossroads: Organizing for Reproductive Justice and Beyond,” In Aisha S. Durham Gwendolyn Pough, Elaine Richardson, and Rachel Raimist (Eds). Home Girls Make Some Noise: A Hip Hop Feminist Anthology, Mira Loma CA: Parker Publishing LLC.
  33. Reid-Brinkley, Shanrah R. 2008. “The Essence of Res(ex)pectability: Black Women’s Negotiation of Black Feminity in Rap Music and Music Video.” Meridians. 8(1): 236 260.
  34. Rose, Tricia. 1994. Black Noise: Rap music and Black culture in Contemporary America. Hanover: New Hampshire. Wesleyan University Press.
  35. Rose, Tricia. 2008. Hip-Hop Wars: What We Talk About When We Talk About Hip Hop and Why it Matters. New York: Perseus Books Group.
  36. Southern, Eileen. 1997. The Music of Black Americans: A History. 3rd ed. New York: New York. Norton and Company.
  37. Spence, Lester 2011. Stare in the Darkness: The Limits of Hip-hop and Black Politics. Minneapolis: Minnesota. The University of Minnesota Press.
  38. Stapleton, Katina R. 1998. “From the Margins to Mainstream: the Political Power of Hip Hop.” Media, Culture and Psychology. 20: 219-234.
  39. Sullivan, Rachel E. 2003. “Rap and Race: It’s Got a Nice Beat, But What About the Message?” Journal of Black Studies. 33: (5). 605-622.
  40. Watkins, Craig, S. 2005. Hip Hop Matters: Politics, Pop Culture and the Struggle for the Soul of a Movement. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press.