• Swaminathan, Swathi, and E. Glenn Schellenberg. “Current Emotion Research In Music Psychology.” Emotion Review2 (2015): 189-197. PsycINFO. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

Music is a global thing that we could all agree to; at least partly because it expresses emotion and regulates affect. Associations between music and emotion have been examined regularly by music psychologist. Sounds are one way that allows us to escape from reality. Acoustic cues are used to make judgements about emotions expressed through music before they really listen to it, (like judging a book by its cover). Acoustic cues allows room for emotions or expressions to be “relevant to all forms of human vocal communication such that there are notable commonalities in the acoustic features of emotionally expressive speech and music.” Just like speech acoustic cues determines the arousal or tones of a story or song for example if a cue is slow and sad then it might indicate that the song is about love or something sympathetic and vice versa.Cultural-general cues gives people from other cultures the ability to feel and relate to other cultures customs accurately. Basic general cues such as tempo, pitch, and loudness enables the listener with recognition of what genre, category or how that artist wants them to feel. Certain music can specifically induce an intense arousal response in normal listeners and this response is mediated by brain structures such as the amygdala and insula that have been implicated in encoding key dimensions of many other kinds of emotional stimuli. Culture-specific cues rely on knowledge of the conventions in a particular musical tradition. A particular timbre may be interpreted to reflect one emotion by Western listeners and another emotion by Eastern listeners.“Enculturation to a particular culture’s music is a developmental process in which associations and regularities are internalized, at least implicitly, through repeated exposure.” The author believes that emotions that are perceived reliably in music change over development creating innovative ways of learning and exposure. This article investigates how age and musical expertise influence emotion and recognition in music. Musically trained and untrained participants from young and middle-aged adults were presented with music excerpts expressing happiness, peacefulness, sadness, and fear/threat as an experiment to test the relationship between feelings and age association. Music emotion plays an important role in music retrieval, mood detection and other music-related applications. Many issues for music emotion recognition have been addressed by different field of researchers such as physiology, psychology, cognitive science and musicology.