Reproduction
Lactobacillus bulgaricus reproduces, like most bacteria, through binary fission. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction, in which a bacterial cell splits into two identical cells. The process of binary fission begins with the chromosome replicating and separating into two copies, while the cell body elongates. A septum begins to form in the middle of the newly elongated cell. The septum is where the parent cell will eventually split into the two daughter cells. Lactobacillus bulgaricus requires a low pH of 4.6 to 5.4 to grow and reproduce. In a recent study, the generation time was approximately 54 minutes at a temperature constant between 45- 55°C.
Fermentation
Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a heterotrophic, non-spore forming bacteria. Heterotrophic organism can not make their own food, they must obtain their energy from organic compounds. Lacto has complex nutritional requirements; they can not ferment any sugars except lactose. Lactose is their favorite and probably played a significant role in the naming. Lactobacillus bulgaricus is an anaerobic bacterium, which benefits fermentation. Anaerobic organism undergo cellular respiration without using the oxygen as the last electron carrier. Instead, anaerobic bacterium like Lacto use sulfur or nitrogen. Lacto eats the lactose in milk and release lactic acid as a waste product in yogurt. The added acidity cause the milk to thicken and clump up. The semisolid product gives the yogurt a tart taste.
Acidic Properties
Lactobacillus bulgaricus has an acid tolerance due to the constant gradient between extracellular and cytoplasmic pH. F0F1-ATPase is an enzyme that gram-positive organisms use for protection against acidic conditions. The F0F1-ATPase enzyme can induce at low PH and regulate the internal pH of the bacterium.
References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1151822/
https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article/269/1/160/493589
https://sites.google.com/site/lactobulgaricus/repruduction
http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10361/3037/10326008.pdf?sequence=1
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