Politics of Blackness – Empirical Claims

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Mitchell-Walthour’s The Politics of Blackness is an examination of racial group dynamics, individual self-identification, gender and class intersectionality, racial inequities, and political preferences. The book asserts several empirical claims on those different subjects: Afro-Brazilians with higher socioeconomic status (i.e. higher income and higher educational attainment) are likelier to identify as preto or negro (a finding that Mitchell-Walthour notes challenges the notion that money “whitens” Afro-Brazilians); higher income darker skinned Afro-Brazilians who experience colorist/racist discrimination are likelier to identify as preto as opposed to pardo; Afro-Brazilian self-identification with the negro group tends to be based on physical features like complexion and lip size; most Afro-Brazilians perceive the negro-linked fate concept as reality; Afro-Brazilians who consider racial discrimination to be real are likelier to see the negro-linked fate concept as truth; the demonstration of Negro-linked fate is tied to the feeling that experiencing discrimination is what links an individual to the negro racial group; Afro-Brazilian women, as occupants of multiple bottom social strata, tend to identify Blackness and femininity as the identity elements they are discriminated against for possessing; Afro-Brazilian men tend to identify discrimination in terms of race and class as opposed to Afro-Brazilian women who identify it in terms of race and gender; Afro-Brazilian women tend to experience discrimination in the job market; Afro-Brazilian men tend to experience discrimination in the media; Afro-Brazilians who do not perceive the concept of negro-linked fate as real tend to be less educated men who neither identify as preto or negro; older survey respondents are less likely to identify with negro-linked fate; higher levels of education reduce support for affirmative action; and younger ages increase support for affirmative action (this claim opposes the literature). These many claims are the foundation upon which Mitchell-Walthour contends that the intersection of class and gender directly impacts social racialization, social colorization, self-identification, and group identification.