I found certain concepts from the rest of chapter 3 to be relatively easy, while I found others to be complex and difficult to understand. The verb phrases and phrasal verbs were pretty easy. The only question I had was about exercise 3.5 problem 4- “Demand for housing has driven up the market value of homes.” Why is the word “up” a part of the verb phrase? The reflexive pronouns were a little difficult, because I wanted to automatically assume that all reflexive pronouns referred back to the noun/subject; however, some of them can be the object. I struggled the most with the specialized structures seen in exercises 3.7 and 3.8. I think in these exercises I see what I was struggling with: indirect objects (like in question 2 in exercise 3.7 and questions 2 & 4 in exercise 3.8), and prepositional phrases and what the modify. With a little extra practice, I am sure these concepts will become easier.
Up is a part of the verb phrase as “driven up” is a replacement phrase for raised or increased.