In her article “Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination And Segregation Through Physical Design Of The Built Environment”, Sarah Schindler focuses on the issue of segregation through architectural design. Schindler divides her article in two parts. Part one discusses the theory of discrimination and segregation through architecture while part two discusses the application of this theory. This summary will highlight the major examples Schindler uses to describe the theory of discrimination and segregation through architecture as well as its application.
Since it is now unacceptable to segregate people openly, organizations and people have resorted to segregating people through architecture since it is much less obvious to the public. By designing things a certain way, such as the benches in a park, which are divided into sections, it can restrict certain types of people from wishing to use them. At first glance, the divided sections may seem practical because they allow people to sit among each other with space in between them. However, the divided sections of the bench may also serve as a deterrent for homeless people since they can no longer lay on the bench to sleep. (Schindler 1942).
To further support her theory, Schindler focuses on what the placement and availability of desirable items have on people, or as she calls it “features of the built environment that function to control human behavior or hinder access” (Schindler 1948). For example, Schindler uses the example of junk food and healthy food in a cafeteria. If the cafeteria wishes to offer the healthier options to the consumers, they will place them in areas that are easily accessible and visible. The options of junk food will still be available, but will be harder to reach and less visible in comparison to the healthier counterparts. (Schindler 1948). The point being made is that people will tend to do the things that are most convenient to them. Schindler ties this together by including the examination conducted by Lior Jacob Strahilevitz on exclusionary amenities. The idea is to segregate based on social class. By increasing the price of “exclusionary amenities” such as houses, it restricts the ability for poorer social classes to mix with the rich elite class. (Schindler 1949).
In part two of “Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination And Segregation Through Physical Design Of The Built Environment”, Schindler discusses the application of the theory of segregation through architecture. The first example used by Schindler are the bridges constructed by Robert Moses. Moses did not wish to mix the people of lower socioeconomic classes with the higher classes. In order to do this, Moses created the bridges that led to Jones’s Beach with a lower clearance, so that public transportation like buses would not be able to travel to the island. Moses did not wish to allow buses to travel to the island since public transportation is associated with people of lower socioeconomic classes, typically those of color. (Schindler 1953)
In addition to this, the placement of bus stops and construction of highways also plays a large role in architectural segregation. Many communities refuse to have bus stops placed near them since the bus stops would allow those who are poor to be able to travel to richer areas. Richer communities also influence the design and location of major highways, usually routing them through poorer areas in other to relocate those who lived there to other areas, effectively segregating them in specific areas away from the rich.
Schindler also uses examples of city design, such as the use of one way streets and lack of road signs. The use of one way streets may reduce traffic flow, but they also have been used to direct traffic flow away from particularly richer areas. When cities implement one way streets and remove road signs, it can be very difficult to navigate to and around the city in question. By making it difficult to travel to and from the city and confusing to navigate within the city, the chance that tourists and minorities will visit are very slim, leaving those of the higher class segregated from them.
(Osborne Junction. Commonly known as Confusion Corner.)
Regardless of the reason provided for designing the infrastructure the way it is, the motive is always the same. Schindler identifies this modern day method of legal segregation and discrimination as architectural exclusion.
Bibliography
Schindler, Sarah.“Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination And Segregation Through Physical Design Of The Built Environment.” Yale Law Journal 124.6 (2015): 1934-1972. Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Nov. 2015.
Thank you for sharing your passion and knowledge with the world.
Chơi baccarat
Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an very long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t appear.
Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyhow, just wanted to say excellent blog!
My blog post: spam update
Hello there, I discovered your web site by way of Google
even as looking for a related topic, your web site got here up, it appears to be like great.
I’ve bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
Hello there, simply changed into aware of your weblog via Google, and
located that it’s truly informative. I’m going to watch
out for brussels. I will be grateful in case you proceed this in future.
Numerous people will be benefited from your writing.
Cheers!
Have a look at my page … imbaslot maxwin (Valeria)
Its such as you read my mind! You appear to know a lot approximately
this, like you wrote the book in it or something.
I believe that you simply can do with some % to power
the message house a bit, however other than that, that is
excellent blog. A great read. I will certainly be back.
my website: ultimateshop ru
It’s in reality a great and helpful piece of information. I’m satisfied that you just shared this helpful information with
us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.
Review my site: imbaslot
Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your site and in accession capital to assert that I acquire actually enjoyed account your blog posts.
Anyway I will be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access
consistently quickly.
Also visit my homepage: Bunte Socken
Ridiculous quest there. What happened after? Good luck!
my blog post – Fruchtige Socken
I’m really loving the theme/design of your web site. Do you ever run into any
web browser compatibility issues? A number of my blog visitors have
complained about my website not operating correctly in Explorer
but looks great in Firefox. Do you have any tips to help fix this problem?
Feel free to visit my web blog … 먹튀사이트
Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thanks, However I am encountering problems with your RSS.
I don’t understand why I can’t subscribe to it.
Is there anyone else getting identical RSS problems? Anybody who knows the solution can you kindly respond?
Thanks!!
my site :: autosmmhub
It’s an awesome piece of writing designed for all the web
people; they will obtain benefit from it I am sure.
Review my web blog :: Tiersocken
Hi! I’d like to mention that this post is very well-written. I
appreciate how you clarified the main concepts of the topic.
I particularly liked your perspective on this aspect. It really made me think about how
this could be applied in practice.
It would be fantastic if you could explore related topics like this in upcoming content.
Appreciate the knowledge. Looking forward to more content from you.
Best regards!
Also visit my web-site: Sensual companions for hire
To return to the Lotteries web site, click on your browser’s “Back” button or click on “Lotteries” in the games menu of the Espacejeux.com
web site.
My website: Lotto Number Generator
when you skip application of the drug or you are taking it not according to
schedule, it is possible that your he works less productive or the lasix completely stops working.
Vidmate Video Downloader is a wonderful application for anybody who
likes conserving videos for offline watching! It’s very easy to use, supports multiple systems, and
downloads in premium quality. I’ve been utilizing it for a while, and it has never let
me down. Extremely recommended for those who want a quick and
trusted video downloader!
My website … viamate official
when you skip application of the drug or you are taking it not according to
schedule, it is possible that your he works less productive or the lasix completely stops working.
Hi! I’d like to mention that this post is very well-written. I
appreciate how you clarified the main concepts of the topic.
I particularly liked your perspective on this aspect. It really made me think about how
this could be applied in practice.
It would be fantastic if you could explore related topics like this in upcoming content.
Appreciate the knowledge. Lookingforward to more content from you.
Best regards!
Slot gacor adalah platform permainan slot online yang menawarkan peluang menang tinggi dan berbagai fitur menarik.
VidMate allows you download videos, motion pictures, and music from leading platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and WhatsApp.
Save in numerous formats and appreciate seamless offline watching!
Also visit my blog … video downloader
Wonderful blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo News.
Do you have any suggestions on how to get listed in Yahoo News?
I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there!
Appreciate it
My site … Imbaslot
Amazing blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from
somewhere? A theme like yours with a few simple tweeks would really make
my blog shine. Please let me know where you got your theme.
Thank you
Take a look at my web site … auto smm hub
What’s up to every one, for the reason that I am truly
eager of reading this blog’s post to be updated on a regular basis.
It includes good material.
My page :: ultimateshop ru
Never ever miss out on a video once more!
Vidmate assists you download yt video downloader apk videos in HD, so you can appreciate them offline without buffering
or information usage.
Incredible quest there. What happened after?
Good luck!
Look into my webpage: bidencash cc
With VidMate, you can download video videos from 1000+ internet sites with simply a
couple of faucets. Quick, complimentary, and high-quality video downloads within your reaches!
Ꮮottery іѕ a game title of chance many.
Βut fօr lotto experts and ⅼotto winnеrs, lottery by
no means a chance game nor is contingent on ρure
luck. To them, lottery is often a way of life, ѕomething you or anybody
can achieve as long whenever yⲟu work on the situation. It only takeѕ passion and strategy to win the
lottery and the next instant millionaire. Let me sһare to you some of these strategies to assist win the
lotto, gսaranteed.
But is not millіons consumers playing the same, this can liкely sound like ‘findіng a needle globe
hɑystack’. Truly sound trite, but reputable.
However, there are always in order to beat tһe chances and
win in any Ameгiⅽan Lotto game.
This game is playｅd in aⅼmost many parts
of Quotes. In the weѕtern part of the country, it is being oрerated by the Lotteｒywest, the particular thicҝness Golden Casket is
contributing to the games in Qld. In the қingdom of Wales, brand new Sоuth Wales Lotterieѕ manages the games, and
inside of south for this countrʏ, it’ѕ the
South Australia ᒪotteries Commisѕion that handles it.
All these make it possible that you might play the Powerball anywhere in Australia.
If neeⅾ to do choose yⲟur numbers benefits of the ƅirth dates,
intuition, numeгolоgy, astrology or buying numbers depending on your “mood”,
you are actuaⅼly digging your own grave. Always remember,
suϲcess doesn’t happen by pеrϲentɑge. It ɑll
starts with any plan and execսted with a dеcent system.
The best approach to delay үoսr odds of winning easy focusing your
time on recreatіon. This means thаt you loοk and feel at the stаtistiсal data of the numberѕ, and concentration moгe еxactly what
numbers attended up a l᧐ng time agο. In fact, there even have been most people that have won the Lottery too many times by this accomⲣlishment exact same stratеgy.
But, merely the ԝhole story. Genuine effort another hidden seｃret to all of
this that you simply know going. And, it comes about because all lotterieѕ are different.
Applying your odd-even lottery number stratｅgy equally each lotteries iѕ reаlly a mistake.
Bright player accounts for the proportions the lottery.
And, herеin lies tһe hidden sｅcret.
Ӏf you keep these typical ѕense truths in mind ɑbout the
most common winning lottery numbers, you greatly incгease your odds of of succеeding at.
Having a proven system these kindѕ of оne you’ll be able to read more on at thе link below helps too.
Alsо visit my site เว็บหวยลาวที่ดีที่สุด 10 เว็บซื้อหวยลาวออนไลน์ เว็บตรง จ่ายจริง 2568
Hi there, yes this post is really nice and I have learned lot of things from it regarding blogging.
thanks.
Also visit my site; wp hosting
Great blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring writers?
I’m hoping to start my own blog soon but I’m a little lost on everything.
Would you suggest starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for
a paid option? There are so many options out there
that I’m totally confused .. Any tips? Many thanks!
my homepage: บาคาร่า
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great.
I don’t know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already 😉 Cheers!
Here is my web page :: SMM Panel
Botth portion-time and complete-time employment have
positive aspects and disadvantages.
Feel free to visit my website; Misooda
Your article resonated with me on a profound level, and I am grateful for the insights it provided.ใลน์หวยบี
I lіke reading an article that will mɑҝe men and women think.
Аlso, tһank you for permitting me to comment!
Here is my web-site … dubai
найчастіше доступні висновок на кредитку, електронний гаманець, https://vikna.if.ua/cikavo/160991/view в криптовалюта і Інші операції.
Enter the code that steam desktop authenticator гитхаб yoru phone will receive.
1) Use the r-code that you chose EARLIER, RIGHT?
shuningdek bizning saytimizda mostbet mavjud mostbet o’z ichiga
olgan tez-tez so’raladigan savollar bo’limi (faq) mosbetuzkeng qamrovli
maslahatlar eng yaxshi mashhur o’yinchi so’rovlari.
Visit my website … mosbetuz.net
Vidmate Video Downloader is a superb
application for anyone who enjoys conserving videos for offline watching!
It’s incredibly easy to use, supports multiple platforms, and
downloads in high quality. I’ve been using it for some
time, and it has never let me down. Very advised for those
who want a fast and dependable video downloader!
Odatda javob davomida ko’p soat va mosbetuz ba’zan 24 soat dan kechiktirmay daqiqa yuborish ariza.
My webpage; mosbetuz.net
Get ready for Super Ace Deluxe, where epic graphics and thrilling wins create the ultimate slot experience!Super Ace Deluxe
Rahasia di Balik Kesuksesan Ligaubo di Pasar Global
Wonderful blog! Do you have any hints for aspiring writers?
I’m planning to start my own website soon but I’m a little lost on everything.
Would you recommend starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I’m completely overwhelmed ..
Any ideas? Thank you!
Feel free to visit my webpage – wp hosting
With VidMate, you can download video
videos from 1000+ internet sites with simply a couple of faucets.
Fast, totally free, and high-quality video downloads at your fingertips!
VidMate allows you download videos, flicks, and music from top platforms like YouTube,
TikTok, and WhatsApp. Save in multiple layouts and delight in seamless
offline viewing!
Feel free to visit my web-site video downloader
أنا ألعب 1xbet Mobile App Egypt – مريح وآمن!
السحب فوري دائماً! Betting on the official 1xBet Egypt site
There is certainly a great deal to learn about this subject.
I love all the points you’ve made.
Review my site; ultimateshop
Networking: Hyperlink Aggregation 주소주라
With VidMate, you can download video videos from 1000+ sites with
simply a few taps. Quick, free, and high-quality video downloads at your fingertips!
1.
my webpage; https://www.0342.ua/news/3901382/oglad-platformi-cassino-ua-so-proponue-sajt-u-2025-roci
Please let me know if you’re looking for a author for
your blog. You have some really great articles and I think I would be
a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d absolutely love to
write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine.
Please send me an email if interested. Thanks!
Feel free to visit my web page Sykaaa online games (Susanna)
Your method of telling all in this post is actually nice, all be able
to effortlessly understand it, Thanks a lot.
Here is my blog post – wplay
VidMate is your supreme
remedy for downloading videos, tracks, and flicks from various internet sites.
Get the latest variation for a seamless experience!
Simply desire to say your article is as astonishing.
The clearness for your post is simply cool and that i can assume you are an expert in this subject.
Fine together with your permission allow me to take hold of your feed to keep up to date with
forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please keep up the enjoyable work.
My blog; SMM Panel