Sleep Deprivation Among College Students

This blog was written to determine whether sleep deprivation has any effect on college students and their overall academic performance. 

Throughout the years, I have heard a lot of speculation regarding this topic. I’ve heard that students need a minimum of six hours of sleep in order to be mentally and physically rested. Some students will attest that staying up all night to study for an exam, helps with retention of the information needed. With this research blog, I will attempt to confirm or dispel these myths.

During the research for this blog, I came across this short, but informative, video titled “Sleep Deprivation Among College Students”, by Caitlin Mitchell. 

The beginning of the video addresses what is needed for the brain to successfully retain and process new information. First, acquisition -defined as the learning or developing of a skill, habit, or quality. Next, consolidation – defined as the action or process of making something stronger. Then recall – defined as bringing a fact, event, or situation back into one’s mind.

In the video, it states that acquisition and recall take place when one is awake. However, consolidation takes place when one is asleep. The lack of sleep will eventually result in the brain’s inability to consolidate new information. 

While furthering my research on this topic, I came across the article, “Causes and Consequences of Sleepiness among College Students”, by Shelley D Hershner and Ronald D Chervin.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4075951/ 

The article provides insight on the effects and damages sleep deprivation has on college students.

“Daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, and irregular sleep schedules are highly prevalent among college students, as 50% report daytime sleepiness and 70% attain insufficient sleep. The consequences of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness are especially problematic to college students and can result in lower grade point averages, increased risk of academic failure, compromised learning, impaired mood, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents” (Hershner and Chervin, 2014).

This paragraph was particularly shocking and informative for me regarding college and sleep deprivation. It shows that sleep deprivation not only has an effect on students academically, but it also affects their overall performance and everyday functionality.

“Sleep, likely before and after specific memory tasks, plays an integral part in memory consolidation. Many of these studies isolate memory into specific areas such as visual, declarative, or procedural; however, college students’ learning, memory, and performance in classes rarely would have such a narrow memory domain” (Hershner and Chervin, 2014).

Again, we see that sleep has an adverse effect on memory retention among college students.

“One of the most concerning consequences of sleep deprivation and sleepiness is drowsy driving. In the 2011 Sleep in America Poll, 66% of young adults reported drowsy driving.However, few studies have evaluated drowsy driving specifically in college students. Among 1,039 undergraduate students, 16% reported falling asleep while driving and 2% had had a motor vehicle accident due to sleepiness. The findings overall suggest that drowsy driving accidents or near accidents are too frequent and that students may minimize the warning signs of drowsiness” (Hershner and Chervin, 2014).

Sleep deprivation not only affects students academically, but it also affects their motoring skills. This in turn could contribute to serious injuries to students and others. 

“Insufficient sleep can increase depressive symptoms. In a study of female college students, sleep debt of 2 hours per night and/or a bedtime after 2 am was associated with greater depressive symptoms” (Hershner and Chervin, 2014).

What I conclude from this article is that sleep deprivation has a dangerous effect on college students. Not just on an academic level, but also emotionally and physically. 

I also came across this article titled, “Awareness of effects of sleep deprivation among college students”, by Abigail Nirandhi Ranasinghe, R. Gayathri, and V. Vishnu Priya.

http://jprsolutions.info/files/final-file-5b69314b9e7331.50366222.pdf

“The consequences of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness are especially problematic to college students and can result in lower grade point averages, increased risk of academic failure, compromised learning, impaired mood, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents” (Ranasinghe et al., 2018)

College years are time of critical transition from adolescence to adulthood. This transition is involved with inadequate sleep. Student’s inadequate sleep hygiene is common, as students often use technology and substances that compromise sleep quality and quantity. This chronic sleep deprivation may impair academic performance, mood regulation, and driving safety. Investigation of new approaches to promote good sleep should be prioritized. This survey has created awareness on the importance of sleep among college students (Ranasinghe et al., 2018).

With this article, it’s becoming quite clear that sleep deprivation among college students is a cause for concern and should be a high priority. Sleep deprivation not only contributes to student’s academic failures, but is also affecting their every day life. The charts provided in this article shows the serious problem college students are facing in today’s society.

Finally, here is another video I came across during my research. The video “A College Epidemic Sleep Derivation” is of a college professor from Florida Atlantic University who felt compelled to educate his class about the negative effects sleep derivation has on students. He explains that sleep derivation not only affects academic performance, but also has an effect on a student’s every day task.

After completing the research on whether sleep deprivation has an effect on college student’s academic performance, I am amazed at how sleep deprivation negatively affects college students.

My findings from this research revealed that not only does sleep deprivation affect academic grades, but it also contributes to depression among students, suicidal thoughts, and vehicle accidents just to name a few. Evidently, this is bigger than just students doing poorly in college. Sleep deprivation will eventually scar college students mentally and physically and Colleges need to address this epidemic problem among students. Professors need to educate their students of the dangers of sleep deprivation and that pulling all nighters will not contribute to them memorizing a topic, but in fact will do the opposite.   

Works Cited

  1. Mitchell, Caitlin . “Sleep Deprivation Among College Students”.  YouTube, uploaded by  on 17 Feb 2014, https://youtu.be/i6dqanc1Iu0.

2.  Hershner, Shelley D., & Chervin, Ronald D . “Causes and    consequences of sleepiness among college students”. US National Library of Medicine, vol. 2014, no. 6, 23 Jun. 2014, pp. 73-84,   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4075951/. 

3.  Ranasinghe, Abigail Nirandhi, Gayathri, R., & Priya, V. Vishnu .      “Awareness of effects of sleep deprivation among college students”. Drug Invention Today. vol. 10, no. 9, Sept. 2018, pp. 1806-1809,  http://jprsolutions.info/files/final-file-5b69314b9e7331.50366222.pdf.

4. “A College Epidemic: Sleep Deprivation.” YouTube, uploaded by Ocen, 15 Apr 2015, https://youtu.be/SNr7Fx-SM1Y. 

Time Management

         Students often fall behind because of the lack of knowledge of utilizing time wisely. As a result, it causes low grades, repetition of class, an extension in time until graduation, and relationship issues. It’s hard to manage time for classes, especially when an individual is working. Time management is very crucial for college students as it will help improve their quality of life. To use time wisely, a person should make a personalized schedule, turn off notification on tablets or phones when studying, keep a time log and for homework or project, and decide when you’re going to start working etc.

            Every student should know how to manage their time because time is a special resource that you cannot store or save for later use. Most of the student in college have problems with time management; students in college have lots of work, but they procrastinate and wait until the last moment to do their assignment.  As a result, they have difficulty completing their assignment on time. If students make a personalized daily schedule, they can have enough time to finish work on time and have extra spare time. “Worldwide, students that practiced both planning and positive time attitudes found that they had much more time to complete their tasks because they control their time spent”( Alsalem) Studies show that a student, who follow a routine, have a higher GPA. “Hence, time management have been proven to be one of the top indicators toward achieving a high level of academic success and performance so it doesn’t serve only one purpose but participating in events and being engaged in other outside-class work” (Alsalem). Having a schedule is very most important in students life because its help you to become more creative and productive, and enables you to do the right thing at the right time. It will teach us to balance time.

            Phones and tablets have become a major distraction for this generation. While studying or doing assignments, students should switch off their phone or science them. Another option would be to turn off all notification on your cell phone and tablets. This will help set up your priorities. Usage of cell phone during school time can cause students to “overestimate their ability to multitask which could eventually lead to academic underperformance” (DOS, Bulent 79). As a result, individuals perform poorly in classes and get lower grades.

          Time management is most important for first-year college students because you have to spend most of your time doing homework. First years college students also having difficulty in managing time since they just graduated and start thinking about college as high school. “Recent surveys suggest that college students are spending time on vocational and employment pursuits at the expense of academic pursuits”(Thibodeaux et. Al 5-6). Many college students become overwhelmed with the feelings of not having adequate time to complete all their work adequately and it is true for those students who work part-time and attend school full time. The student who spends most of the time in college use time management because they want to graduate on time. Working is great but college should be the top priority for students. “Students who report spending most of their time away from campus pursuing work typically have lower GPAs than students who spend most of their time on campus (Brint & Cantwell, 2010), and the former report having lower expectations about academic success(Nonis et al., 2006)” (Thibodeaux et. Al 6). Students should devote their time in prioritizing their school over work. Planning to do your homework before it is due is extremely crucial. Students, who learn to wisely use time, will perform better in class.

            Working part-time is good but full time is not so good because you will not have time for school and end up working late. “Poor time management behaviors, such as not allocating time properly or last minute cramming for exams, have been frequently discussed as a source of stress and poor academic performance(Gall, 1988; Longman & Atkinson, 1988; Walter & Siebert, 1981)” (Macan et al. 762). If you can manage time then it will make it easier to finish work on time and you will know about your plan. “Using university student samples, they found that those who reported more purpose and structure to their time also reported psychological well-being, optimism about the future, more efficient study habits, fewer physical symptoms, and less depression and hopelessness, among other positive tendencies”( Macan et al. 760). The quote indicates the student who spends more time studying and makes a schedule for themselves are more optimistic about their future or career and have study habits; they don’t have less worry. 

Citation

Alsalem, Wasan Siddiq Yahya, et al. “The Effect of Time Management on Academic Performance among Students of Jazan University.” Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, vol. 69, no. 8, Nov. 2017, pp. 3042–3049. EBSCOhost, doi:10.12816/0042853

DOS, Bulent1, bdos@gantep.edu. t. “Cell Phone Usage and Metacognitive Awareness.” ELearning & Software for Education, vol. 1, Jan. 2018, pp. 79–85. EBSCOhost, doi:10.12753/2066-026X-18-010.

Thibodeaux, Jordan, et al. “First-Year College Students’ Time Use: Relations With Self-Regulation and GPA.” Journal of Advanced Academics, vol. 28, no. 1, Feb. 2017, pp. 5–27. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1125280&site=eds-live&scope=site.

Advice Research Project

Podcast

https://instaud.io/30Ha

Annotated Bib

ScienceDirect, peer-reviewed. (October 2006). Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sourced from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079205001231

Since various schools have early start times, this can mean students wind up with little rest which can turn into a point of conflict for themselves and guardians. Sleep needs fluctuate for the duration of our life expectancies, and youngsters are on the high end of the range with regards to the measure of sleep required for mental and physical wellbeing. Without sufficient rest, the brain is less fit for understanding complex ideas and systems associated with holding data are additionally impaired. Ultimately, this is important because while we rest, our minds procedure and merge the data that is absorbed throughout the day and make recollections which can be recalled later.

 

FrontierSin, peer-reviewed. (February 2013). Subjective sleepiness and sleep quality in adolescents are related to objective and subjective measures of school performance. Sourced from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00038/full

Sleep enables one to be caution, savvy, and sharp. Sleep also enables students to legitimately take care of issues. At the point when students don’t get the ideal 8 to 10 hours of rest that they require, they lose their capacity to succeed academically. Many students have trouble holding data, adapting to pressure, and remaining centered. These impacts can seriously affect test scores and on the evaluations, students get on class undertakings and papers. When considering the situations like so, lack of sleep can prompt a few wellbeing issues which I’ve learned through my academic progression.

 

US National Library of Medicine, peer-reviewed. (December 2014). Prevalence of Sleep Duration on an Average School Night Among 4 Nationally Representative Successive Samples of American High School Students. Sourced from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4264412/

The outcomes of lack of sleep and daytime sleepiness are particularly risky to students whether High School or College. It can result in lower grade point averages, expanded danger of academic disappointment, compromised learning, impeded disposition, and expanded danger of engine vehicle mischances. Sluggishness and unpredictable sleep plans have numerous unintended results, one of which is to adversely affect learning, memory, and execution. Among college-aged students, a standout amongst the most well-known reasons for daytime drowsiness is lack of sleep, students get inadequate sleep since they go to bed late and wake up early.

 

Hershner S & Chervin R, peer-reviewed. (June 2014). Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students. Sourced from https://www.dovepress.com/causes-and-consequences-of-sleepiness-among-college-students-peer-reviewed-article-NSS

 

College students have adjusted to this lack of sleep culture by surrounding themselves with stimulants. There is so much happening on school grounds, both academically and socially, that sleep, and rest are low on most students’ arrangements of needs. As a freshman, I recently suspected that lack of sleep was basically one of the parts of school culture that I would be compelled to adjust to.

Time Use in College By Anastasia Brantley

Link

 

 

(Photo above, “Time” by Sean MacEntee)

Being a first time college student, you never realize how valuable time is. There is no warning sign of what and what not to spend your time on. As a young adult everything is trail and error. As you experience things, you come to see what best fits. Having just graduated in May 2018, I had no idea what it was like to do for myself. I have been accustomed to going with the flow and people telling me when and where to go. As the semester comes to an end, I realize how important it is to always have a set schedule and finding a balance in not only school but life. Being that I have survived the first semester of college going through obstacles such as having an outside job, not having enough time to finish assignment, it is only right to share what to keep in mind. 

Advice is always given while adjusting to the college lifestyle. The most important one would be dealing with the use of time.  A piece of advice that will lead to a successful college experience would be managing time wisely. Following this advice is very much so a way to develop a healthy method to complete assignments accordingly. It is important to conduct time in a specific way that is easy therefore, one can move forward with succeeding and see it as a breeze. Some people never realize how important time is and how the use of it is up to them.

There are many factors that contribute to not managing time in a effective way. Some include focusing more so on the social aspect of life, outside jobs, or simply not being interested in academics as expected. It is very exhausting trying to form a sturdy schedule to complete everything needed but, it isn’t possible. While managing time a person should most importantly make prioritizing a key skill. Focus on the end goal to keep from drifting off to things that can wait for later. Friends, parties, clubs, and sports, can be put on hold if necessary. 

Something that is important to keep in mind when developing time management skills is a way to stick to a routine. Establish a routine that will personally work. Repeatedly doing things in a certain way to create a healthy routine is an essential step to managing time better. According to Anna Heinrich in “7 Effective Time Management Tips for college Students”, creating a routine in the beginning of college will help adjust early. When you come up with a routine in the earlier stages, navigating easily through college and coming across free time will be a bones. The blog also includes finding a balance. Designating times to accomplish everything is a necessity. The best way to do that is prioritizing what is most important.  That is related to knowing: What is the overall goal? What was the purpose of enrolling in college? What accomplishment is meant to be reached? Time management should be in accordance to what is going to cause the biggest impact and lead to a successful outcome. 

Having good time management skills is a major factor to reduce stress. With having loads of homework and assignments that are due, enduring stress will most likely occur. In Appointment Plus Blog, “Why Time Management is Important”, the blog includes how feeling rushed and overwhelmed is the effects of not using time management skills in a good way. It is definitely a must to step back from the harsh reality of college. Free time is necessary throughout all of this. Find a balance. It is good to research and explore options of how to make a good schedule that will allow chances to relax. This generation specifically, uses cell phones as if it is attached to the hip. Using a cellphone for good is a good way to handle use of time, reminders, and setting alarms. 

Lastly, while the time is available, use it for the best. In college, many time gaps in between classes are created which gives you extended time. Using that time will help cut out the stress of  being swamped with assignments in the evening or spending numerous hours during the weekend. All in all using time to the best of abilities is a skill that should be instilled in everyone. Being knowledgeable of what can and can’t fit in is significant. 

thejournalofbusiness.org/index.php/site/article/view/498/399

link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11162-018-9497-z

www.rasmussen.edu/student-experience/college-life/time-management-tips-college/

www.appointmentplus.com/blog/why-time-management-is-important/

Mary Cathryn Evans’s Research Project

Hello everyone! I did a podcast about whether or not students should take study breaks.

Here are my sources:

Southard, K., Rhoades, J., Whitehead, J., Walch, T., “A Signage Intervention Decreases Inactive Study Breaks in College Students.” American Journal of Health Studies. (2018). Vol. 33 Issue 1, p52-60.

Fritz, C., Ellis, A., Demsky, C., Lin, B., Guros, F., “Embracing Work Stress: Recovering from Work Stress.” Organizational Dynamics. (2013). Vol. 42 Issue 4, p274-280.

Terada, Y., “Research-Tested Benefits of Breaks.” com. (2018) p1

“The Science of Taking a Break.” org. p1.

 

Use Your Time Wisely To Become Successful In College.

‘’Use your time wisely to become successful in college’’ is the college advice that this blog will be about. Students are often told that they need to use their time wisely in college. However, it’s not an easy task to do. Students should follow this advice to ease the struggle in college.
College is the time for students to learn how to plan out priorities and opportunities that come along with college life. According to Tami Strang’s article ”Effects of College Life on Students’’ Time-Management Skills’’, After a couple of days starting college, students realize that the work college requires, family responsibilities and job, make it extremely important to plan and use their time efficiently. Time management is being able to do all activities in allocated time.

(Michael Krinke/Getty Images)

 

Using time wisely is the key to academic success. In addition, planning and creating a solid schedule will make a difference in students’ lives. Using time effectively might be hard for students especially students who just made the transit from high school to college.
There are some tips to make the struggle easier. Just as Kelci Lynn Lucier, the author of “College Stress Solutions” stated, Get and use a calendar- this might seem unnecessary, but it is useful. It can be a paper calendar. It can be on the phone or in a journal. Regardless of what kind, students need to have a timeline.
Write down everything- What time to go to bed, when to do homework? When to study? Write down everything in one place.
Keep trying new systems- meet new people, share experiences. Change things around until feeling perfectly fine.
Allow some flexibility; expect the unexpected things to happen, leave some room in the calendar to move things around.
Plan ahead- plan when to do assignments, projects, early as possible. Due dates appear faster than expected. Students should do their work soon because the closer they are to the due date the more stressed they will be.
First, students must avoid common time wasters including social media, internet, long phone conversations, extracurricular activities. They also need to reduce anxiety and stress and build confidence and motivation. On top of that students must learn how to say no to others, as they need to handle their task first.

Students who spend more time in classes tend to be successful than those who spend more time on other activities and less time in class. Likewise, Time management and GPA have a direct relationship. Jordan Thibodeaux, Aaron Deutsch, and Anastasia Kitsantas in their ”First-Year College Students’ Time Use Relations With Self-Regulation and GPA” article mentioned that students who report spending most of their time away from campus pursuing work typically have lower GPAs than students who pay most of their time on campus, and the former report having lower expectations about academic success (Nonis et al., 2006).
Most students enroll in entry classes to learn self-regulation study and good time management skill. However, it takes them beyond the first semester to get things right.
Students have different perspectives on their time management skills in college though.
A study done by Tami Strang illustrated that, a large percentage of students said that they do not struggle more in college with time management, an overwhelming majority (88%) reported that they had changed their methods of managing their time, underlining that college is, indeed, a very different environment than high school. Plenty of college students find that the experience is not necessarily more difficult, it is just different.
Also, college requires self-motivation, no one is going to be there checking on students. College is all on students. No one is going to push no one. Parents do not continue to remind students to do homework or projects after high school. Students need to motivate themselves and push through. However, for some student, this made time management easier probably because of the feeling of independence and taking full responsibilities rather than being told what to do.
On top of that, Students have more freedom in college than high school. Students get to set their schedule. They can be partying, staying on the bed all day long watching Netflix, or whatever they want to do. However, they must use that freedom to achieve their long-term goals.

work cite
Jordan, T., Aaron, D., Kitsantas A., Winsler A., “First-Year College Students` Time Use: Relations With Self-Regulation and GPA,” Journal of Advanced Academics. (2017) Vol.28 Issue 1, p5-27
Lynn. “Steps for Strong Time Management for College Students.” ThoughtCo, Jul. 5, 2018, thoughtco.com/strong-time-management-for-college-students-793226.
Tami Strang, ‘’ effects of college life on students’ time management skills.’’ Cengage Student Engagement,Aug.10, 2015, blog.cengage.com/effects-of-college-life-on-students-time-management-skills.
van der Meer, Jacques; Jansen, Ellen; Torenbeek, Marjolein. Studies in Higher Education. (2010) Vol. 35 Issue 7, p777-791. 15p.

Sample (Good) Assignments

Hi all, here are some sample good assignments.  I’m having trouble finding a video that isn’t animated.  Once I find one, I’ll post it.

Here is another podcast post: http://sites.gsu.edu/1101collegeadvice/2016/11/19/dont-take-on-too-much-your-first-semester-in-college/

Website:  https://sites.google.com/view/thinkaboutthefuture/who

 

Podcast: Hello everyone, attached is my podcast on College Readiness.

Here is a list of my sources;

Butrymowicz, Sarah. “Most colleges enroll many students who aren’t prepared for higher education.” The Hechinger Report, 30 January 2017.

Conley, David T.. “The Challenge of College Readiness.” Education Leadership, v64, n7, p23-29, April 2007.

Forster, Greg, and Jay P. Greene. “Public High School Graduation and College Readiness Rates in the United States. Education Working Paper No. 3.” Center for Civic Innovation, September 2003.

Hoyt, Jeff E., and Colleen T. Sorensen. “High School Preparation, Placement Testing, and College Remediation.” Journal of Developmental Education, v25, n2, p26-33, Winter 2001.

Music by Ross Bugden – “Possible”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BY0U432m8W0

Animated video:  https://www.powtoon.com/online-presentation/dTchjrThlcI/office-hours