“What Would a Non-Sexist City Be Like? Speculations on Housing, Urban Design, and Human Work”-Hayden : Citations

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“Dwellings, neighborhoods, and cities designed for homebound women constrain women physically, socially, and economically. (page. 2, Hayden)”

It is no secret that there are restrictions in place for women. As we have been studying in the class, the design of architecture makes people behave in a certain way; the design of dwellings, neighborhoods, and cities as stated in the quote above, restrict women from things socially, physically, and economically. Many of these restrictions are seen in our everyday lives. Some of us even know of someone who could possibly be going through these restrictions and that is why we might understand the idea that Hayden is trying to explain in this article.

 

“Employed mothers usually are expected to, and almost invariably do, spend more time in private housework and child care than employed men; often they are expected to, and usually do, spend more time on commuting per mile traveled than men, because of their reliance on public transportation. (page. 6, Hayden)”

Employed mothers have more responsibilities than employed men. Yes, the men are many times fathers, but the mother is the person that children look for the most. Mothers have a special connection with their children and that’s why they are always there for their children cleaning up, cooking food, and other home labor activities. Because these mothers have such much on their plate, they don’t get the same opportunity to private transportation as men do and are forced to use public transportation.

“While some communal groups, especially religious ones, have often demanded acceptance of a traditional sexual division of labor, others have attempted to make nurturing activities a responsibility of both women and men. (page. 11, Hayden)”

Religion will always play a role in our society’s decisions whether we like it or not. Mostly everyone is part of a religion and their beliefs play a big role in their decisions. Personally, I don’t see anything bad with wanting to integrate labor forces. Both male and female can accomplish great things together. However, there are certain things that man can’t do and there are certain things that women can’t do.

POSSIBLE WORLDS: HENRI LEFEBVRE AND THE RIGHT TO THE CITY. Journal Of Urban Affairs- PURCELL, M Quotes

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“Most agree that it is the everyday experience of inhabiting the city that entitles one to a right to the city, rather than one’s nation-state citizenship. (pg.142, Purcell)”

This quotation is interesting to me because I have heard this before. The ideas that someone who lives in the city gets the right to that city over someone who is a “nation-state citizen” are always in conflict. In my opinion, the person who lives in the city is right. People are always born in a city but do not live there and therefore, they do not get to experience the everyday life of that city so they do not know how things work there.

 

“He says that modern citizenship takes the form of a contract between the state and the citizenry that specifies, among other things, the rights of citizens (2003a/1990, p. 250). But the current contract and its associated rights have remained much the same since their inception in the eighteenth century. What we require, he argues, is to radically extend and deepen the contract, to articulate a new and augmented set of rights, and to struggle to achieve them. (pg.146, Purcell)”

With new times come new changes. When many of this country’s laws were written, things were not as advance as they are now. The citizens only want their rights to be updated since their creation, as stated in the quote, was during the 18th century.

 

“was long defined either in terms of the political change at the level of the state or else in terms of the collective or state ownership of the means of production . . . . Today such limited definitions of revolution will no longer suffice. The transformation of society presupposes a collective ownership and management of space founded on the permanent participation of the “interested parties,” with their multiple, varied and even contradictory interests. (1991/1974, p. 422, emphasis added) (pg.148, Purcell)”

As I stated before, with new times come new changes. Politics can never remain the same as the country modernizes. Both politics and citizens adapt to the changes that are occurring today. If the citizens see that their voice is not being heard, they will find a way to do so. If politicians only want to benefit themselves, the citizens will speak and make sure that they are heard.

PURCELL, M. (2014). POSSIBLE WORLDS: HENRI LEFEBVRE AND THE RIGHT TO THE CITY. Journal Of Urban Affairs, 36(1), 141-154. doi:10.1111/juaf.12034

“The Innovation Campus: Building Better Ideas”- Annotations

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  1. “Being in bigger interactive spaces encourages expansive thinking, while being in a box of a room encourages box thinking. (par.11)” When learning in an interactive space, it enhances the learning and it is better prepared to face the real world. When students graduate, they do not have experience on the work field unless they’ve done internships. The students learn information in a box space will only have box thinking results. If the learning takes place in the interactive space, the thinking will have interactive space results.
  2. “Staircases and halls are wide and often daylit, encouraging people to dwell between their appointments in hopes of having a creative collision. Exposure to natural light itself contributes to improved workplace performance. (par.6)” When workplaces are different, it enhances the learning experience and many colleges are adding unique futures to their workplaces.
  3. “Employers are dissatisfied with graduates’ preparation, students are unhappy with outdated teaching methods, and colleges want to attract students whose eyes are on postgrad venture capital and whose scalable ideas might come in handy on campus. (par.7)” When in school, students are taught information. However, in many cases, only the information is taught to the students but they are not taught how to apply that information in the real world. It should not be like this and as a student, I want to be prepared for the real world jobs.
  4. “We didn’t want to have a classroom because that says ‘In this room, you learn, out here you don’t learn. (par.20)” People have different views on the education system. Many people believe that learning inside a box room will have box thinking as stated somewhere in this article. However, being in a concentrated environment, you learn better than being in an open environment that has many distractions.

My Experience at The Georgia State Capitol

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I have lived in the same house for 11 years now and due to my location, people would think that I have visited the Georgia State Capitol several times. My residence is located 3 blocks away from the original Turner Field which is located about 5 minutes from downtown. However, I have visited the Georgia State Capitol twice in my 11 years of living so close to downtown. The first time was when my grandparents came to visit from Mexico 2 years ago and the second time was recently when I conducted my site visit. My recent visit to the Georgia State Capitol brought back memories and created a sensation of excitement towards my future.

Gordon Statue outside of The Georgia State Capitol

Gordon Statue outside of The Georgia State Capitol

 

As I stated before, the first time that I visited this spectacular National Historic Landmark was when my grandparents came to visit from Mexico. We gave them a tour of downtown Atlanta in our car and when we passed by the capitol, the golden dome caught my grandparents attention. We immediately found a parking spot and parked so that they could tour the Capitol from the outside. While walking, I remember that my grandmother was so amazed by the golden dome that she would constantly point at it and take pictures. My grandfather on the other hand, was amazed by the historic facts displayed on the signs throughout the Georgia State Capitol and since my grandfather was a sergeant during the 60’s in Mexico, all of the military statues and texts caught his attention. I remember that he would ask me to translate the information on the signs. As I walked around through the various signs and statues of the Capitol, all of these beautiful memories came into my head and made me feel as if I was with my grandparents again.

The Georgia State Capitol

The Georgia State Capitol

 

My dream career has always been to be in the law enforcement for a really long time. It took me time to determine what specific career I wanted to choose for me, but when I found it, I concluded that I want to be a detective. While I was walking through the front part of the Capitol, I saw several detectives walking in and out of the building. I smiled and observed how they carried themselves, how they greeted people; I looked at every detail. As we walked around with my father, I noticed several black civilian Chevrolet Tahoes and I told my father,” your son will drive one of those one day soon. Those are detective cars.” My father looked at me confused and asked how did I know that they were  detective cars so I showed him the police lights that were located in several parts of the truck. I wanted to take pictures of the SUV’s, but there was no one close in order for me to ask permission and I did not want to look suspicious. As I observed the detectives, their cars, and imagine what they could possibly be doing inside of the Georgia State Capitol, made me picture myself in their shoes in the future. When I saw myself carrying that badge, the traditional detective Glock 19 sidearm, driving a black Tahoe, and making a difference, I was excited.

The Georgia State Capitol

The Georgia State Capitol

My recent visit to the Georgia State Capitol was really pleasant. This visit made me notice new signs as well as new details on the building that I did not notice the first time. It also made me remember memories with my grandparents and in some way relived them. Seeing detectives and part of their every day cause a wonderful sensation of excitement that made this cite visit worth doing.

 

All of the photographs used in this blog post were taken by Alexis M. Buenrostro.

The Colors on The Georgia State Capitol

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The Georgia State Capitol

The Georgia State Capitol

The Georgia State Capitol is a National Historic Landmark that is located in Atlanta, Georgia. The Capitol was built more than a century ago a few decades after the Civil War ended. The construction of this enormous building initiated in 1884 and ended in 1889. After doing some research, I found that this building was constructed primarily with Georgia’s own marble, wood, iron, steel, and completed with a limestone exterior. Of course those materials are beautiful and fancy, but it is the Capitol’s gold dome that make this National Historic Landmark distinguishable. The colors on the Georgia State Capitol depict history and power.

Gordon Statue outside of The Georgia State Capitol

Gordon Statue outside of The Georgia State Capitol

The capitol is exactly 127 years old. Since its creation, signs and statues were placed. There are weathered statues along with scraped paint signs. Some of the statues are of important people in the history of the state of Georgia and other statues are of important events in the state of Georgia. Most of these statues are painted in a bronze or brownish color. However, much of that color is now grayish due to the wearing over the years. The signs that are made out of metal have a grayish metal color with signs of rust on the letters. Gold and black are the colors that decorate the wooden signs. The golden paint completely came off of the letters and in parts of the sign, only the cracks and scraped paint remain after all of these years.

"To The Memory of William Ambrose Wright" Sign

“To The Memory of William Ambrose Wright” Sign

"EXPELLED BECAUSE OF COLOR" Sign

“EXPELLED BECAUSE OF COLOR” Sign

Arnall statue outside of The Georgia State Capitol

Arnall statue outside of The Georgia State Capitol

Weathered picture on the side of a Statue outside of the Georgia State Capitol

Weathered picture on the side of a Statue outside of the Georgia State Capitol

The capitol is 127 years old and there have been remodeling done to the inside as well as the outside. The most common remodeling done, as far as I was able to see on the outside, was the repainting of the signs around the capitol. All of the signs that were repainted around the Georgia State Capitol are painted in black and gold. The color black symbolizes a formal presentation and the color gold symbolizes an important, powerful presentation. I am not sure of the exact dates in which the signs were placed, but judging by the aging of the wood, the signs have been there quite a while. These signs have important history on then and therefore, should be kept in good shape.

"The Siege of Atlanta" sign outside of the Georgia State Capitol

“The Siege of Atlanta” sign outside of the Georgia State Capitol

 

Gold has been loved by humanity since its discovery. This beautiful mineral shines brightly and catches the attention of anyone. Over time, gold has become more accessible to citizens. However, in earlier times, gold was only accessible to powerful rich people. Whenever someone is seen with gold, people think that they are rich because of the high value that gold has. Gold has been a universal symbol for power since its discovery. The golden dome on top of the Capitol is widely know for its beautiful shinning color. Its larger section is the one the can be viewed from any angle. However, the smaller section that is on the top can only be viewed from certain angles.

The Georgia State Capitol

The Georgia State Capitol

The Georgia State Capitol is home to the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Secretary of State’s offices. There are also chambers of the State Senate, State House of Representatives along with offices for both the State Senate & House of Representatives. It is a symbolic building that has its place of importance among government, architecture, and National Historic Landmarks of the United States. A building with this importance always sticks out and what better way to make something stick out than its colors. The colors on the Georgia State Capitol enforce the National Historic Landmark’s importance and authority in the state of Georgia.

All of the photographs used in this article were taken by Alexis M. Buenrostro

Recognizing Campus Landscapes as Learning Spaces Kathleen G Scholl, Gowri Betrabet Gulwadi- Summary

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Universities today have more to worry about than just the academic aspect. When browsing for higher learning institutions, students look at the college experience as a whole, taking into consideration every detail. “American higher education institutions face unique twenty-first century changes and challenges in providing good, holistic learning spaces for the diverse and evolving needs of today’s college student.” (“Recognizing Campus Landscapes as Learning Spaces.” Journal of Learning Spaces [Online], 4.1 (2015)) As stated in the article, young people expect to see a different environment when they go to a university. The landscape, the way that the classes are built, the dorms, green spaces, and any other aspect of the architecture of a university plays a huge role in the college experience. If you are a city person, you will prefer a city-like institution; the same goes for people who like small towns, they will prefer a small institution.

“Today’s university must be resilient spaces in which the learning environment encompasses more than technology upgrades, classroom additions, and its academic buildings – in fact, the entire campus, including its open spaces, must be perceived as a holistic learning space that provides a holistic learning experience (Gumprecht, 2003; Gutierrez, 2013; Kenny, Dumont, & Kenny, 2005).” (“Recognizing Campus Landscapes as Learning Spaces.” Journal of Learning Spaces [Online], 4.1 (2015)) Learning goes far beyond the traditional classrooms and textbooks. Yes, Apple computers and projectors are attractive, but young people from the 21st century like unordinary things. For example, having class outside. Students are more likely to learn with an outside class because it’s not usual for a professor to do this and therefore, will take advantage of the opportunity to learn everything that they can.

“As an integral part of the image, mission and goals of the university, Griffith (1994) reminds higher education communities “that open space must be treated as a scarce resource” (p.29) (“Recognizing Campus Landscapes as Learning Spaces.” Journal of Learning Spaces [Online], 4.1 (2015)). Earth’s population is constantly growing and it will only continue to grow. With that growth comes a greater number of buildings that are built and in effect reduce open space. As stated, open spaces should really be treated as a scare resource. Many universities have a large variety of options that they offer, however, not ever university has open spaces for students’ use. Students love to gather with a group of friends to study, to have a good time, or to simply relax and enjoy the open space. “By preserving and suitably integrating open spaces into the green infrastructure, universities can add value and quality to the campus environment by: forging a campus identity, creating a sense of community, curbing escalating campus density, serving social and recreational needs, providing environmental benefits, and facilitating fundraising and recruitment of both faculty and students (Griffith, 1994).” (“Recognizing Campus Landscapes as Learning Spaces.” Journal of Learning Spaces [Online], 4.1 (2015)) Having open spaces is beneficial to both universities and students. When a university has green spaces, they can add value to their school and students who attend this school with have open places to enjoy.

“Traditional campus indoor spaces, by necessity and function, provide ample opportunities for structured learning experiences that draw upon students’ direct attention. However, a student’s learning experience is not often balanced by unstructured or structured opportunities for drawing forth effortless, indirect attention that occur in human-nature interactions (Valles-Planells, et. al, 2014). Attention to a mix of different learning spaces that combine nature and interesting architecture (Orr, 2004) provide more options for regulating learning and restoration cycles.” (“Recognizing Campus Landscapes as Learning Spaces.” Journal of Learning Spaces [Online], 4.1 (2015)) A university education is a unique experience and every aspect of a university plays a role in that experience. Different students learn in different styles and it is sometimes difficult to adapt to different styles of learning. In order to achieve that adaptation, universities have to create a mix of learning spaces as well as spaces for other purposes around campus.

 

http://libjournal.uncg.edu/jls/article/view/972/777

Grant Park’s Traffic Flow & Its Automobiles

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The Grant Park neighborhood is a neighborhood located eight minutes away from Georgia State University. Being so close to downtown Atlanta, it is expected to have real busy streets. However, that is not the case; the traffic flow in this neighborhood is real low. The street is a two-way street with four lanes in total. The last lanes on each side of the street are used for public parking. In this community, I did not see any alley ways while driving around, only side streets. Some of the streets are two-way streets and other streets are one-way streets only. There are crossing ways at each light, stop sign, and some in the middle of the street which of course have the “pedestrian crossing” sign. As of now, there are no biker lanes in this community but there are bikers. The bikers ride on both the sidewalks and the main roads. While walking around its sidewalks, I notice that the cars that were parked on the side of the road were small to mid-size cars. Most of the cars that I saw were Toyota, Audi, BMW, and Volkswagen. The brands that were named are all foreign automobile brands. Yes, Toyota is really popular in the United States, but that brand is not from here.

 

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Here, you can see cars parked on both sides of the street along with two pedestrian crossings.

 

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Toyota Prius

 

Yes, Toyota is really popular in the United States, but that brand is not from here. The most common Toyota that I saw in the Grant Park neighborhood was the Prius. The Prius is known to be really eco-friendly and it is also known for the large amount of jokes that it receives by car enthusiast and many other people as well. This Prius was a light coffee brown color with clear windows. The wheels appeared to be 15 or 16 inch wheels. In the back, the bottom glass piece had a black tint with clear rear tail lights.

Audi R3 Wagon

Audi R3 Wagon

 

After the Toyota Prius, I spotted an Audi A3 Wagon around the 2007-2009 model. This Audi A3 was grey with 17 inch grey wheels. The windows of this car were clear with a black trim around them. The rear tail lights were red all around with a small white squared spot that turns on when the car is backed up.

Volkswagen Jetta Wagon

Volkswagen Jetta Wagon

The Jetta from Volkswagen is a famous car that is efficient in every aspect. This particular Jetta that was spotted was the Jetta Wagon. The Jetta Wagon was a light coffee brown with dust covering the entire car. The wheels on this car were 17 or 18 inch wheels. As all of the other cars, this Jetta Wagon’s windows were all clear with a black trim around it. The tail lights were mostly red with a white line on the bottom that turn on when the car is backing up.

 

The cars that are found around the Grant Park community are small multi-purpose cars. These cars have enough room to put bikes inside. Since there are no bike lanes in this community, people have the option of putting their bikes away and use their cars instead. With a traffic flow that’s low however, bike riders are safe to ride their bikes. Thanks to low traffic flow, pedestrians can walk more confidently on the side walks while walking their dogs or even going for a jog. The traffic flow that the Grant Park community provides makes it an enjoyable experience for its citizens, pedestrians, bikers, and drivers.

 

All of the photographs that were used in this blog post were taken by Alexis M. Buenrostro.

Grant Park Neighborhood Personal Site Visit Response

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The Grant Park Neighborhood is a very especial neighborhood for me. Even though I live 4 minutes away from this neighborhood, Grant Park is neighborhood were a grew up. The Grant Park Neighborhood is a neighborhood that has been around since the late 1800’s and it is located 8 minutes away from Georgia State University. When I entered the community, I felt a sensation of welcome. The vintage and new homes with people sitting on their porches, people running on the side walk and running their dogs as well. As I passed more houses, I noticed several beautiful classic automobiles as well. When I was young, I would pass large amounts of time in this community and in the park as well. Recently, I would only pass by there and I would not spend any time there at all. Thanks to this project, I relieved some of my childhood memories. When I was first entering the community, I remembered the first time I that I stepped foot on this community. My father wanted to play soccer so after looking and asking around, we were able to find Grant Park. Every time that we went to this park, I would see the wide pavement roads that are found in the park and I would love to run on them as if I was a car. Returning to these wide pavement roads made me feel like a child again. The big green trees surrounding the park set a cool temperature that made me feel like a little child again.

 

 

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As I was entering the park, I was greeted by its entrance which included a stone wall in the middle. The stone wall had a door-styled of shape in the middle with reddish orange tiles. When I looked closer, I notice that there were four small blue tiles at the top that made a blue square. Below the door-styled tiles was a type of construction that stuck out about 2 feet, however, this part had tiles missing. In the background, there was this curved wall that was made out of stone as well that surrounded the door-styled tiles. On the ground, there were plants planted a certain distance apart from each other and as I looked around, I noticed that there was an old paint bucket that was white; I’m guessing that the bucket is used to water the plants. Stepping back a little, I as was able to appreciate the two big trees that guarded the stone curved wall and the door-styled tiles. These two trees provide a lot of shade and people could be able to take a sit after a long walk through the park.

 

 

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After taking a closer look at the stone wall and the tiles, I noticed that I was stepping on the logo of the park. Back I use to come here, this logo wasn’t present. Therefore, I took time to admire the logo and it materials that composed it. The logo was made out of stone as well with the engravings in black. The top of the logo states the name of the park, followed by a leave-less tree, the year that this community of grant Park was established, and the quote that reads, “THE PEOPLE’S PLAYGROUND”. This text offers a welcoming feeling to anyone that sets foot in this park. The quote is basically stating that anyone can come to this park to enjoy everything that is has to offer.

 

 

 

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Next to the stone wall was this sign that states the year that the Park was founded. It also states the name of the mayor during this time and other major contributors that made it possible for the park to be founded. However, judging by the glue around it and the minimum wear of the sign, I concluded that this sign was recently placed.

 

 

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The wide pavement road that is in the entrance caused a feeling that made me run like a kid. At the beginning of this pavement road, there was a crossing walkway that was made out of two colored stones. Behind the walkway, the pavement remains the same as it did when I was a kid. There are scratches on it, cracks, and broken edges.

 

 

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As I kept walking on the same pavement road at the entrance of the park, I noticed this cool graffiti. As we can tell, the graffiti is the Adidas brand logo. The logo has 3 main colors: black, white, and gray. The outline of the graffiti was carefully done with a few exceptions on some corners. When it came to the fulling in of the logo, there were some corners that weren’t filled out of the way and the white paint symbolizes a shine effect on the logo.

 

 

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While I made my way through the pavement road in the park, I noticed this peculiar tree. The small, tree that looks like a snake is in the middle of a field which cause it to stand out. The leaves that grow from it are long and narrow. The leaves almost touched the ground. After admiring the tree for some time, I got close to it and I started to mess with it. At first, I thought that the tree was going to be soft enough to move around. However, once I started to mess with it, I found out that the tree was really stiff and it could barely move.

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Inside this beautiful park and community remains what use to be the Cyclorama. The Cyclorama is more than a century old and it remained in grant park since it’s opening in 1885. However, in 2015, the Cyclorama was permanently closed and relocated to Buckhead, Georgia.  This beautiful building with four pillars in the bottom & another four pillars on top was a civil war museum. The building gave a presidential aspect with two sets of stairs; one on the left and one on the right. Above the four pillars located at the bottom, there was a silver metal frame with four golden spheres and the Georgia logo in the middle. There were four benches outside of the bottom entrance with two on each side. There were also two gardens on the sides of the main entrance with left one having some scrape paint. As I looked closer, I also noticed that the “Cyclorama” logo was gone and the only thing that was left there was the outline of the letters.

 

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On the right side of what use to be the Cyclorama awaited Zoo Atlanta. The first thing that stuck out was the big plants that were on each side of the entrance. I am not a plant expert, but those plants appeared to be tropical plants even though I doubt it because Atlanta does not have much of a tropical weather the whole year around. After that, most of the entrance was made out of wood; the pillars, the ticket stands, the roof. The only metal things in the entrance were the gates. The colors that stuck out the most besides the big plants and their color were the big red “MAIN GATE” signs. The red and yellow combination was created I suppose to grab the people’s attention. Of course, if I looked at that, it was a must that I saw the “Zoo Atlanta” in big white letters with two animals on the sides.

 

 

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When I left the park and went to the neighborhood, I felt the same peace that I felt in the park. The neighborhood is so quiet and the only things that could be heard were dogs barking, people running while talking on the phone, and the very few cars that passed by. It did not matter what direction I looked; I would always see a person smiling.

 

 

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As I passed by different houses, I noticed these two homes that were in front of each other. I have never seen these style of houses before. The houses appear to be small castles made out of wood. The house on the right side of the street was dark brown with a tan outline. On the left side of the house was a tower that had 360 windows and I assumed that there is a staircase inside the home to access the tower. There was this black metal fence that surrounded the house as well. The house on the left side was significantly larger. The house on the left had a black metal fence that was placed above a stone wall which surrounded the whole house. The beautiful was painted in a lovely light brown with white finishes and roofing on the top. However, this home had a chimney next to the tower. This tower had windows on only two of its sides that would give a beautiful view to the street. Judging from its outer appearance, this home appeared to have two stories because there were several windows on the top of the house. Some of the windows were usual squared windows, but there were some oval windows as well.

 

 

Overall, the Grant Park neighborhood is a welcoming neighborhood. People here are always friendly, the environment, the community, and everything that it has to offer caused a welcoming sensation. One hour wasn’t enough to discover everything that the Grant Park neighborhood has in stored.

 

 

All of the photographs that were used in this blog post were taken by Alexis M. Buenrostro.

Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination and Segregation Through Physical Design of the Built Environment by Sarah Schindler- Summary

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When we hear the word “segregation”, we immediately think black and white segregation in America during the early 1900’s. However, segregation has existed in the human race since history can remember. The earliest form of segregation that I can think of right now was social class segregation. In ancient times, rich kings would segregate themselves from the poor citizens and the separation of both groups was obvious. Modern time segregation as we all know it is race segregation. According to history, this was determined to be illegal in the United States during the 1960’s; we all know that race segregation still exist in many forms. Race segregation is the united states can be seen in restaurants, stores, economic status, education opportunities, and in many other different ways. After reading Sarah Schindler’s piece, “Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination and Segregation Through Physical Design of the Built Environment”, I now know that architectural segregation is a huge form of segregation that we did not even know existed. In Part one of Schindler’s piece, she exposes all of her theories that she has for architecture separate people from one another. “Social norms encouraged some to threaten undesirable persons with violence if they were to enter or remain in certain spaces. And cities were constructed in ways—including by erecting physical barriers—that made it very difficult for people from one side of town to access the other side.” (Part 1, Schindler) In gated communities, people who are not part of that community might be received violently by the residents, the police, and if the community has one, the community watch person. The people who are in charge on how a new building is going to be constructed design that building in way that only a targeted group of people can access said building. Take for example Lenox Square, this is a well know shopping mall in Buckhead, Georgia. Since its creation, this shopping mall was intended for white upper class people only. However, in 2016, a large verity of people goes to that mall; some people do not like that. I was directed racial slurs once by a white female shopper at Lenox, so this is evidence that the intended shoppers for that mall once again are white upper class people. The Lenox mall is just one example to architectural segregation but bridges, walls, and even benches in parks have segregation meaning behind it as Schindler states in her piece. “Although regulation through architecture is just as powerful as law, it is less identifiable and less visible to courts, legislators, and potential plaintiffs.” (Part 2, Schindler) Laws are very important in all of the countries around the world. They regulate things in that given country and many times the laws are not just. However, the citizens will follow them just so that they don’t have problems with the law. The fact that architecture is as powerful as law is frighten. The buildings that make up our communities regulate our activities, our styles of life, and mostly every aspect of our lives. The exclusion that is done is so common that people do not take the time to analyze it and do something to end architectural exclusion.

 

 

http://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/architectural-exclusion

Schindler’s “Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination and Segregation Through Physical Design of the Built Environment” Part 1B Summary

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As citizens of this world, we tend to just go with the flow of things and we do not take time to examine why things are the way that they are in our society. Segregation has always been present in human history, it just changed over time. “[S]egregation, integration, and separation are spatial processes; . . . ghettos and exclusionary suburbs are spatial entities; . . . access, exclusion, confinement . . . are spatial experiences.”-58 These are only a few examples that Schindler give us in her article “Architectural Exclusion: Discrimination and Segregation Through Physical Design of the Built Environment”.

“landscape is one of the most overlooked instruments of modern race-making.”-67 As young adults, we are constantly learning about society. We learn why the government works the way the it does, why people act the way that they act. However, we never paid attention to the landscape that surround us. Communities such as ghettos were created to keep people of color and white people separate. This was done intentionally and it counties to be done intentionally today. The people in power know that the outcome of building landscapes like this and they do nothing to try to change it.  The idea that the building that we are in or the neighborhood that we live in were designed with specific people struck many of us in the face while reading this piece.